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This site introduces unknown Emanuel Bach (C. P. E. Bach).
Instruments – Focusing on the 18th Century
ChatGPT4o writes as follows (please note that it may not be accurate):
The 18th century was a period of significant transformation in music history, marked by the development and diversification of musical instruments. Below is a classification and introduction to the instruments used during this time.
1. Keyboard Instruments
- Clavichord: A keyboard instrument known for its delicate expressive capabilities, favored by composers of the Empfindsamer Stil. Though it has a soft volume, it allows for subtle nuances through touch, making it popular for domestic music and improvisation.
- Harpsichord: A keyboard instrument that plucks strings when keys are pressed, widely used in Baroque music for both accompaniment and solo performances. Although dynamic control is limited, it is characterized by a clear and bright tone.
- Fortepiano: A transitional instrument between the harpsichord and the modern piano, allowing dynamic expression through keyboard touch. It was favored by composers like Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach and Mozart.
2. String Instruments
- Violin Family: Baroque violins had shorter bows and a softer tone compared to modern violins. By the 18th century, they evolved closer to the modern violin form.
- Viola da Gamba: An early string instrument similar to the cello, with 6 to 7 strings, known for its delicate and soft sound. It played an important role in Baroque music but declined in use by the late 18th century.
- Lute: Used mainly as a continuo instrument during the Baroque period but was gradually replaced by the harpsichord and guitar after the mid-18th century.
3. Woodwind Instruments
- Flute: The Baroque flute was made of wood and had a softer tone compared to the modern metal flute. In the 18th century, keys were added to expand its range.
- Oboe: Improved from the Baroque to the Classical period, characterized by its bright and lyrical tone.
- Clarinet: A new instrument introduced in the mid-18th century, playing an important role in Mozartʼs works.
4. Brass Instruments
- Natural Trumpet: Without valves, it could only produce natural harmonics and was prominent in the high register.
- Natural Horn: Like the trumpet, it lacked valves, and players adjusted the pitch by changing the position of their hand in the bell.
5. Percussion Instruments
- Timpani: Commonly used in church music and operas, often paired with trumpets in celebratory contexts.
- Baroque Drum and Tambourine: Used in stage music and folk music, serving as essential rhythmic instruments.
Instruments from the 18th century played crucial roles in the development of the Empfindsamer Stil and Classical music, expanding the range of musical expression. Many of these instruments, through various improvements, have been passed down to the present day, offering deep insights into the musical culture of the time.